One final product of classification is a scientific name for each organism. Latin-based scientific names, like Turdus migratorius or Ursus horribilis (American robin and grizzly bear), are the same worldwide. That’s not the case with common names. Canis lupus  is “wolf” in English, “lobo” in Spanish, and “loup” in French. Puma concolor is called “mountain lion,” “puma,” or “cougar.” Communication is a problem when common names are used.

Genus and species names also make it easy to identify closely related organisms. Canis latrans, the coyote, Canis lupus, the wolf, and Canis familiaris, the domestic dog, are all in the family Canidae and share similar characteristics.

Some organisms have three-word scientific names, like Canis lupus rufus. Rufus (meaning red-brown) denotes a subspecies classification. There’s quite a controversy between taxonomists about creating new species or using subspecies. They’ve even resorted to calling each other names! Those in favor of creating new species are called “splitters” and they’ve named the red wolf Canis rufus. Those who would rather go with subspecies (Canis lupus rufus) are called “lumpers”.